Germany has welcomed dozens of the oldest refugees fleeing Ukraine — those who survived the Holocaust during World War II. They've now narrowly escaped death for the second time in their lives.

Many senior citizens entered their golden years with more debt than previous generations, and now they're struggling financially as they try to provide care for an ailing relative during the pandemic.

Jeanetta Echols, 70, answered the door recently to find her neighbor bearing gifts. “She said, ‘I brought you some groceries,’” Echols said. “It was...